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Islam, Democracy and Human Rights in Contemporary Indonesia167The substance of these complaints also reveals a grim reality:%u00b7 43.2% (3,011 cases) concerned the loss of access to justice;%u00b7 42.5% (2,959 cases) were about the loss of livelihood andwelfare, as people%u2019s land%u2014their primary source of life%u2014hadbeen seized;%u00b7 12.5% (871 cases) related to the loss of personal safety andsecurity.Altogether, 98.2% of public grievances were tied to thedeprivation of these three fundamental rights: justice, welfare,and security.Indonesia at Risk of DisintegrationIf Indonesia continues to adopt a democratic model basedon an open proportional electoral system, the country appearsto be heading toward potential disintegration, as such a systemonly strengthens the grip of oligarchic power.Today, the wealth gap in Indonesia ranks as the fourth worstin the world. According to Oxfam (2017), the combined wealthof Indonesia%u2019s four richest individuals is equal to that of thepoorest 100 million citizens.Furthermore, the 50 wealthiest Indonesians control morethan 48% of the nation%u2019s total GDP, or 72% of the 2021 statebudget, which amounted to Rp 2,750 trillion (Jakarta Post,December 18, 2020).The World Bank, in its publication Indonesia%u2019s RisingDivide (2016, p. 28), even warned that Indonesia couldeventually disintegrate. It identified four root causes threateningnational unity:
