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Islam, Democracy and Human Rights in Contemporary Indonesia129Kalla, Aceh%u2019s peaceful dialogue in Helsinki could be made. Aftera long dialogue process between the two parties, mediated byPresident Martti Ahtisaari, a peace agreement could finally beadopted. Three years later, in 2008, Ahtisaari won the NobelPeace Prize for his role in mediating the realization of peace.Roads to a Peaceful PapuaAs a lesson learned, since the adoption of the Helsinki MoU,Aceh could gradually recover socially, economically, andpolitically to a fully normal condition. If calculated, the MoUof almost two decades ago has indeed saved 14600-21900 lives,and prevented greater socio-economic losses if the conflict hadto prolonged.To end decades of conflict in Papua, the followingmechanisms could be put in place. First, the Indonesian Government and OPM could adoptthe Helsinki MoU model by presenting an independentmediator from within or outside the country. The key elementsof the Helsinki MoU included: Special Autonomy for Aceh: TheAceh region was granted a special autonomous status withinIndonesia, with control over local government, security, andeconomic matters; Disarmament and Reintegration: The GAMagreed to disarm and reintegrate into the political process, whileIndonesia pledged to respect Aceh%u2019s autonomy; Human RightsAccountability: Both sides agreed to take steps towardaddressing human rights violations committed during theconflict; Monitoring Mechanism: A Monitoring Mission,including international observers, was set up to ensure that bothsides complied with the terms of the agreement. The Aceh