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Islam, Democracy and Human Rights in Contemporary Indonesia157count; however, the U.S. Supreme Court%u2019s decision on December12, 2000, ruled in favor of Bush, paving his way to become the43rd President of the United States.The second polarization describes the behavior of societiesin the Second World, namely, socialist countries such as China,North Korea, Cuba, Eastern Europe, and Russia. Theirpopulations are relatively large, but their economic resourcesare comparatively limited. This compels their societies to restrictindividual freedom. In these socialist societies, the emphasis lieson the advancement and protection of collective rights.Individual interests are often limited or even sacrificed if theyconflict with the interests of the group. Freedom of expressionand political freedom are highly restricted. What they prioritizeare economic, social, and cultural rights.In China, for example, if a public protest arises against agovernment policy, the possibility of a massacre%u2014such as thetragic Tiananmen Square incident on June 4, 1989%u2014cannot beruled out.From a political perspective, these societies do not practiceliberal democracy as in capitalist countries; rather, they operateunder totalitarian dictatorship.For instance, consider the North Korean election model.With a population of 25.97 million (as of 2021), when thepresidential election was held on March 9, 2014, it resulted inan absolute victory%u2014100 percent%u2014for President Kim Jong Un,with not a single vote cast for any other candidate.During the election, millions of citizens flocked to theirrespective polling stations as if attending a grand celebration.Men and women dressed formally, queuing to receive theirballots. Before entering the voting booth, each voter bowed