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Islam, Democracy and Human Rights in Contemporary Indonesia153Constitutional Court, and distinguished guests,The implementation of the 2024 election using the openproportional system, as has been conducted four times sincethe reform era, has now sparked both support and oppositionamong the public. On one hand, many admire that Indonesiahas successfully conducted elections under this system and hasbecome the world%u2019s third-largest democracy after India and theUnited States. On the other hand, many reject the open systemand argue that the closed proportional system is more consistentwith the ideals of the Proclamation and the mandate of the 1998reform movement.Those who reject the open system believe that Article 168 ofLaw No. 7 of 2017 on General Elections effectively reduces theposition of political parties as election contestants. They arguethat the transfer of the right to determine candidates frompolitical parties to the quantity of individual votes directlycontradicts the concept of popular sovereignty as stipulated inArticle 1 paragraphs (2) and (3), Article 6A paragraph (2), Article22E paragraphs (2) and (3), and Article 28D paragraph (1) ofthe 1945 Constitution.This is because Article 1 paragraph (2) of the 1945Constitution emphasizes that sovereignty lies in the hands ofthe people, but it is not exercised directly by all the people%u2014it iscarried out according to the provisions outlined in theConstitution, namely through political parties as provided inArticle 6A paragraph (2), Article 22E paragraphs (2) and (3) ofthe 1945 Constitution, in the context of electing members of theDPR, DPRD, and the President and Vice President.In democratic countries, the fundamental idea underlyingpolitical participation is that sovereignty belongs to the people,