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Islam, Democracy and Human Rights in Contemporary Indonesia103the Bali bombings on Sept. 12, 2002. Since then, violence hasendlessly hit the country, the most recent being the suicidebombing at the Cirebon Police mosque last April.Although the acts of terrorism could be classified as largescale and sophisticated, the police can quickly discover andarrest the perpetrators. Even those perpetrators have alreadybeen prosecuted, and some of them sentenced to death.The question then arises as to why radicalism and terrorismpersist even though the police have always uncovered the casesand caught the perpetrators.A security approach is likely successful in the short run, butin the long run, radicalism may arise again because the root ofthe problem remains untouched. The root of radicalism isabstract and embedded in the mind of a person. Borrowing from Gandhi%u2019s view, in this world, there are twotypes of violence: physical violence, such as terrorism and war,and soft violence, such as defamation and provocation. Relationsbetween the two, Gandhi says, are like fire and gasoline. Tostop physical violence such as terrorism, people have to firstremove radicalism and fundamentalism from their minds.To create peace and tolerance in the minds of children isnot an easy task. It requires a good education, which canstimulate a favorable environment for children to gainknowledge, a positive attitude, and rational behavior to addresstheir social reality peacefully. Education must therefore broadenthe horizon of children to acquire a sense of universal peace,internalize the value of tolerance, and enable them to view thingsfrom different perspectives of truth.To arrive at such circumstances, the process of educationmust meet a certain quality standard to stimulate students%u2019