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114Islam, Democracy and Human Rights in Contemporary Indonesiacommunities), masyarakat terpencil (remote communities),masyarakat hukum adat (customary law communities), and,more simply, masyarakat adat (cultural communities). Indeed,the term %u201cindigenous%u201d was introduced by Dutch colonialists todisintegrate the unity of Indonesia as a nation.Second, according to Article three of the Declaration on theRights of Indigenous Peoples, indigenous peoples have the rightto self-determination. This article has been tendentiouslymisinterpreted by some international and local NGOs tosupport the separatist movement in Papua. They have arguedthat local Papuans are indigenous. Again, this is a great mistake.To avoid such a misinterpretation, the term %u201cself-determination%u201dhas to refer to Article 46 of the declaration, which states that%u201cnothing in this declaration may be interpreted as implyingfor any state, people, group or person any right to engage inany activity or to perform any act contrary to the Charter ofthe United Nations or construed as authorizing or encouragingany action which would dismember or impair, totally or in part,the territorial integrity or political unity of sovereign andindependent states.%u201dSo, the interpretation of Papua%u2019s self-determination cannotbe perceived as a means for separatism but rather the freedomto determine its own economic, social, and cultural developmentwithin the unitary state of the Republic of Indonesia. From thisperspective, special autonomy for Papua and West Papua isthe solution that allows both provinces to pursue economic,social, and cultural development.Third, at the eighth session of the United Nations PermanentForum for Indigenous Issues (UNPFII), one international NGOcalled IWGIA released a publication titled: The Indigenous World