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118Islam, Democracy and Human Rights in Contemporary Indonesiainstitutions, both at national, regional, and local levels, adatcommunity organizations, NGOs, and universities have paidattention and have provided significant contributions in thisprocess. Intensive discussions with various stakeholders and twoprovincial workshops, and a national workshop have providedimportant lessons and inputs for the government of Indonesiain formulating policy on poverty reduction of adatcommunities.The Government of Indonesia is now in the era of reformafter several decades of living in an apprehensive situation. Ourdevelopment during the past decades was mainly based on theparadigm of growth, centralistic, monopolistic, uniformmodalities, not participatory, and neglecting the diversity ofneeds and conditions of regions and of communities across thecountry. In most cases, the development practices benefited thehaves. Meanwhile, rural communities, including adatcommunities that over the years live in the areas wheredevelopment projects took place, didn%u2019t get a chance toparticipate in the development process and to benefit from thedevelopment outcome. It is therefore not surprising that poorvillages in Indonesia are found in regions rich in naturalresources, where many adat communities live. Instead ofbenefiting from the development process, many adatcommunities bore the negative impacts of the developmentprocess, such as environmental and natural resources damagesand human rights violations.As a great nation, we learn from our historical mistakes ofthe past. In line with the spirit of the reform era, which greatlydemanded reforms in the paradigm, attitude, and practice ofdevelopment, the Government of Indonesia, under the