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Islam, Democracy and Human Rights in Contemporary Indonesia31and further into actions to respond to the challenges confrontingus in the changing times. Besides that, the rationality feature ofthe teaching of Islam at all times give confidence to its followersto reason cunningly on the basis of the two ideal sources of theteaching of Islam %u2013 al-Qur%u2019an and al-Hadits %u2013 to advance themto present new ideas and concepts to respond to new challenges.As cited in al-Qur%u2019an %u201cthose who make earnest efforts in mypath, I shall show them the right way.%u201dHuman rights issues are very much relevant to thephilosophical concept of a school of thought about human being.Difference of metaphysical views leads to a division of concepton the life of a person as a private individual and socialindividual. This metaphysical divergence of views exist sincethousands of years ago, however, there has been no satisfactoryanswer to address this division. Human being remains thegreatest mystery among other existences. Until present day,ironically, human beings have no complete and fullunderstanding about themselves. The teaching of Islamprovides imperative basics and essentials for understandinghuman beings, even until now it offers undiminished resourcesfor addressing issues relating to human beings from theperspectives of philosophy or science.The essence mentioned and underlined in al-Qur%u2019an is thatAllah is the one and only and human being basically is %u201cone torun after%u201d (ummatan wahidah). Allah is not only the Creator,the Caretaker, but all depends on Allah, Mighty is He and allknowing, and to Allah shall all things return. Human being isnot an independent creature, meaning he has no free hand todecide upon all things, considering he is a part of the universe,therefore, he has to comply with the laws of nature (sunna-