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146Islam, Democracy and Human Rights in Contemporary Indonesialaws often include provisions allowing travel bans or restrictionson leaving the country without a clear time limit. However,many of these countries eventually revoked such laws afterfacing international criticism and internal social and politicalunrest, as these laws were found to contradict universal humanrights principles.1. India %u2013 The Case of Maneka Gandhi v. Union ofIndia (1978)Case Summary:Maneka Gandhi, a journalist, was barred from leaving Indiaby the government on grounds of %u201cpublic interest,%u201d withoutbeing informed of the reasons, without a time limit, andwithout any appeal mechanism.She filed a petition to the Supreme Court of India, arguingthat this policy violated her constitutional rights to freedomof movement and fair legal protection.The Supreme Court of India ruled that such a travel banviolated Article 21 of the Indian Constitution, which guarantees the right to personal liberty and due process of law.It declared that indefinite administrative bans without anappeal mechanism were unconstitutional.The Indian government was later required to revise itspassport issuance and travel restriction regulations to alignthem with universal human rights principles.